Introduction
Chapter-1. Simple kinetic molecular model of matter.
States of matter.
• State the distinguishing properties of solids,
liquids and gases.
• Describe qualitatively the molecular structure
of solids, liquids and gases in terms of the
arrangement, separation and motion of the
molecules
• Interpret the temperature of a gas in terms of the
motion of its molecules
• Describe qualitatively the pressure of a gas in
terms of the motion of its molecules
• Show an understanding of the random motion
of particles in a suspension as evidence for the
kinetic molecular model of matter
• Describe this motion (sometimes known as
Brownian motion) in terms of random molecular
bombardment• Describe evaporation in terms of the escape of
more-energetic molecules from the surface of a
liquid
• Relate evaporation to the consequent cooling of
the liquid• Describe qualitatively, in terms of molecules, the
effect on the pressure of a gas of:
– a change of temperature at constant volume
– a change of volume at constant temperature
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Chapter-2. Thermal properties and temperature.
• Describe qualitatively the thermal expansion of
solids, liquids, and gases at constant pressure
• Identify and explain some of the everyday
applications and consequences of thermal
expansion
• Appreciate how a physical property that
varies with temperature may be used for
the measurement of temperature, and state
examples of such properties
• Recognise the need for and identify fixed points
• Describe and explain the structure and action of
liquid-in-glass thermometers• Relate a rise in the temperature of a body to an
increase in its internal energy
• Show an understanding of what is meant by the
the thermal capacity of a body.• Describe melting and boiling in terms of energy
input without a change in temperature
• State the meaning of a melting point and boiling
point
• Describe condensation and solidification in terms
of molecules
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Chapter-3. Thermal processes.
• Describe experiments to demonstrate the
properties of good and bad thermal conductors.• Recognise convection as an important method of
thermal transfer in fluids
• Relate convection in fluids to density changes
and describe experiments to illustrate convection.• Recognise convection as an important method of
thermal transfer in fluids
• Relate convection in fluids to density changes
and describe experiments to illustrate convection.• Identify and explain some of the everyday
applications and consequences of conduction,
convection and radiation
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Chapter-4. Length and time.
• Use and describe the use of rules and measuring
cylinders to find a length or a volume
• Use and describe the use of clocks and devices,
both analogue and digital, for measuring an
interval of time
• Obtain an average value for a small distance
and for a short interval of time by measuring
multiples (including the period of a pendulum)
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CHapter-5. Motion
• Define speed and calculate average
speed from total distance total time
• Plot and interpret a speed–time graph or a
distance–time graph
• Recognise from the shape of a speed–time graph
when a body is
– at rest
– moving with constant speed
– moving with changing speed
• Calculate the area under a speed–time graph to
work out the distance travelled for motion with
constant acceleration
• Demonstrate understanding that acceleration
and deceleration are related to changing speed
including qualitative analysis of the gradient of a
speed–time graph
• State that the acceleration of free fall for a body
near to the Earth is constant
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Chapter-6. Mass, weight and Density
• Show familiarity with the idea of the mass of a
body
• State that weight is a gravitational force
• Distinguish between mass and weight
• Recall and use the equation W = mg
• Demonstrate understanding that weights (and
hence masses) may be compared using a balance• Recall and use the equation ρ = mV
• Describe an experiment to determine the density
of a liquid and of a regularly shaped solid and
make the necessary calculation
• Describe the determination of the density of
an irregularly shaped solid by the method of
displacement
• Predict whether an object will float based on
density data
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Chapter-7. Force and Momentum
• Recognise that a force may produce a change in
size and shape of a body
• Plot and interpret extension–load graphs and
describe the associated experimental procedure
• Describe the ways in which a force may change
the motion of a body
• Find the resultant of two or more forces acting
along the same line
• Recognise that if there is no resultant force on
a body it either remains at rest or continues at
constant speed in a straight line
• Understand friction as the force between two
surfaces which impedes motion and results in
heating
• Recognise air resistance as a form of friction
• Describe the moment of a force as a measure of
its turning effect and give everyday examples
• Understand that increasing force or distance
from the pivot increases the moment of a force
• Calculate moment using the product force ×
perpendicular distance from the pivot
• Apply the principle of moments to the balancing
of a beam about a pivot
• Recognise that, when there is no resultant force
and no resultant turning effect, a system is in
equilibrium
• Perform and describe an experiment to
determine the position of the centre of mass of a
plane lamina
• Describe qualitatively the effect of the position
of the centre of mass on the stability of simple
objects• Understand that vectors have a magnitude and
direction
• Demonstrate an understanding of the difference
between scalars and vectors and give common
examples
• Determine graphically the resultant of two
vectors• Understand the concepts of momentum and
impulse
• Recall and use the equation
momentum = mass × velocity, p = mv
• Recall and use the equation for impulse
Ft = mv – mu
• Apply the principle of the conservation of
momentum to solve simple problems in one
dimension
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Chapter-8. Energy, work, power and Pressure
• Identify changes in kinetic, gravitational
potential, chemical, elastic (strain), nuclear and
internal energy that have occurred as a result of
an event or process
• Recognise that energy is transferred during
events and processes, including examples of
transfer by forces (mechanical working), by
electrical currents (electrical working), by heating
and by waves
• Apply the principle of conservation of energy to
simple examples
• Describe how electricity or other useful forms of
energy may be obtained from:
– chemical energy stored in fuel
– water, including the energy stored in waves,
in tides, and in water behind hydroelectric
dams
– geothermal resources
– nuclear fission
– heat and light from the Sun (solar cells and
panels)
– wind
• Give advantages and disadvantages of each
method in terms of renewability, cost, reliability,
scale and environmental impact
• Show a qualitative understanding of efficiency
• Demonstrate understanding that
work done = energy transferred
• Relate (without calculation) work done to the
magnitude of a force and the distance moved in
the direction of the force
• Relate (without calculation) power to work done
and time taken, using appropriate examples.• Recall and use the equation p = F/A
• Relate pressure to force and area, using
appropriate examples
• Describe the simple mercury barometer and its
use in measuring atmospheric pressure
• Relate (without calculation) the pressure beneath
a liquid surface to depth and to density, using
appropriate examples
• Use and describe the use of a manometer
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Chapter-9. General wave properties.
• Demonstrate understanding that waves transfer
energy without transferring matter
• Describe what is meant by wave motion as
illustrated by vibration in ropes and springs and
by experiments using water waves
• Use the term wavefront
• Give the meaning of speed, frequency,
wavelength and amplitude
• Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal
waves and give suitable examples
• Describe how waves can undergo:
– reflection at a plane surface
– refraction due to a change of speed
– diffraction through a narrow gap
• Describe the use of water waves to demonstrate
reflection, refraction and diffraction
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Chapter-10. Light
• Describe the formation of an optical image by a
plane mirror, and give its characteristics
• Recall and use the law
angle of incidence = angle of reflection
• Describe an experimental demonstration of the
refraction of light
• Use the terminology for the angle of incidence i
and angle of refraction r and describe the passage
of light through parallel-sided transparent
material
• Give the meaning of critical angle
• Describe internal and total internal reflection
• Describe the action of a thin converging lens on a
beam of light
• Use the terms principal focus and focal length
• Draw ray diagrams for the formation of a real
image by a single lens
• Describe the nature of an image using the terms
enlarged/same size/diminished and upright/
inverted
• Give a qualitative account of the dispersion
of light as shown by the action on light of a
glass prism including the seven colours of the
spectrum in their correct order
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Chapter-11. Electromagnetic spectrum
• Describe the main features of the
electromagnetic spectrum in order of wavelength
• State that all electromagnetic waves travel with
the same high speed in a vacuum
• Describe typical properties and uses of radiations
in all the different regions of the electromagnetic
spectrum including:
– radio and television communications (radio
waves)
– satellite television and telephones
(microwaves)
– electrical appliances, remote controllers for
televisions and intruder alarms (infrared)
– medicine and security (X-rays)
• Demonstrate an awareness of safety issues
regarding the use of microwaves and X-rays
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Chapter-12. Sound
• Describe the production of sound by vibrating
sources
• Describe the longitudinal nature of sound waves
• State that the approximate range of audible
frequencies for a healthy human ear is 20 Hz to
20 000 Hz
• Show an understanding of the term ultrasound
• Show an understanding that a medium is needed
to transmit sound waves
• Describe an experiment to determine the speed
of sound in air
• Relate the loudness and pitch of sound waves to
amplitude and frequency
• Describe how the reflection of sound may
produce an echo
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Chapter-13. Simple Phenomena of Magnetism
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Chapter-14. Electrical Quantities
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Chapter-15. Electric Circuits
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Chapter-16. Dangers of Electricity and Electromagnetic Effects
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Chapter-17. The Neclear Atom
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Chapter-18. Radioactivity
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